Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Effect of Process Factors on the Properties of Doxycycline Nanovesicles

S Honary , F Zahir

Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Sari, Iran;

For correspondence:- S Honary Email: shonary@yahoo.com Tel:00981513543084

Received: 1 June 2011 Accepted: 16 February 2012 Published: 24 April 2012

Citation: Honary S, Zahir F. Effect of Process Factors on the Properties of Doxycycline Nanovesicles. Trop J Pharm Res 2012; 11(2):169-175 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v11i2.1

© 2012 The authors.
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Abstract

Purpose: To develop and evaluation ascorbyl palmitate niosomes in order to achieve a transdermal and/or systemic nanocarier of doxycycline.

Methods: Vesicles were formed from ascorbyl palmitate in combination with cholesterol and a negatively charged lipid, dicetyl phosphate. Niosomes were prepared by film hydration method followed by sonication in which aqueous doxycycline solution (in phosphate buffered saline) was encapsulated in the aqueous regions of the vesicles. The vesicles were evaluated for entrapment and in vitro release as well as for their thermal properties and shape by ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The effect of process conditions - sonication time, pH, hydration temperature and centrifuge speed - on niosome properties was investigated.

Results: DSC of pure lipids, vesicles dispersion and mixture of lipids confirmed the formation of niosomes. Other results show that > 90 % of drug was entrapped in the vesicles and the vesicles were spherical in shape. Drug release from the vesicles was slow (< 60 % after 8 h). Nanovesicle size was significantly (p < 0.05) affected by sonication time and hydration pH. Although hydration temperature of 100 °C promoted the production of smaller vesicles, this temperature would likely cause drug degradation.

Conclusion: The use of ascorbyl palmitate along with cholesterol and a charge inducer (dicetyl phosphate) yielded vesicles that satisfactorily encapsulated doxycycline solution. The resulting system can be applied for the formulation of doxycycline niosomes.

Keywords: Doxycicline, Vesicles, Drug delivery, Ascorbyl palmitate, Niosomes